Efficacy of Ageratum conyzoides and terminalia superba to Induce Ovulation in Female African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus)

N B Ikenweiwe, A A Alimi, N A Bamidele, J O Soaga, I K Oyewusi, O I Ajayi, S A Olurode, S O Otubusin, E A Balogun, M O Ozoje, B A Adewumi

Abstract


This study was on the effects of Goat weed (Ageratum conyzoides) and Black Afara (Terminalia superba) on the ovulation of gravid female catfish Clarias gareipinus (1.2±0.8kg). Phytochemical analysis of these plants was carried out and diets containing 35% crude protein were formulated. Leaves of A. conyzoides and T. superba and the root of T. superba were added to the experimental diets at 20% inclusion level to serve as treatment 1, 2 and 3 respectively, while diet without plant material served as control (t4). The fish were fed at 5% body weight daily in concrete ponds for 28 days. The phytochemical analysis showed that A. conyzoides and T. superba leaf and root possessed all the active ingredients tested for with T. superba root having the highest percentages of 2.12, 3.25,.6.35, 1.12, 2.64, 1.81, 10.34, 1.76 and 3.56 for Alkaloid, Tannin, Phenol, Glycoside, Flavonoid, Steroid, Phylobatanin, Saponin, Cardenolides and Anthraquinone respectively. T. superba leaf has low percentages. Fecundity results showed no significant difference among the treatments but the fecundity count of all the treatments decreases in the order t2 > t1 > t4 > t3 (t1= 85098, t2= 71008, t3= 64362 and t4= 60015). Range of physical and chemical parameters of the experimental water that were determined was 25.0-28.5oC for temperature, 3.50-5.60 for dissolved oxygen and 6.74-7.10 for pH. It can be deduced from this study that the low levels of some antinutritional constituents like Tannin (2.34%) and Saponins (9.31%) in T. superba leaf increased the fecundity counts in the female catfish. Therefore, these plants can be rationally used to enhance ovulation in female catfish.


Keywords


Ageratum conyziodes; Clarias gariepinus;, fecundity; phytochemical; Terminalia superba

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